Performance

Performance

Karbonite delivers exceptional material performance — even under extreme climatic and environmental conditions.

Mechanical Properties

  • Compressive strength >60 MPa (after full carbonation)
  • Tensile strength up to 5 MPa | Flexural strength up to 8 MPa
  • Thermal conductivity: 0.35 W/m·K, suitable for passive house applications

Durability

  • Resistant to freeze–thaw cycles (validated under Central Asian climate conditions)
  • Low porosity: no water absorption required during curing or in use
  • Carbon-reactive hardening: material continues to strengthen when exposed to CO₂ and thermal variation

Raw Material Independence

  • No river or quartz sand required
  • No clean or potable water required - can be mixed with seawater or treated industrial wastewater
  • Ideal for arid climates and water-scarce regions

Environmental Comparison: Karbonite vs Portland Cement

Indicator Portland Cement Karbonite
CO₂ emissions (net) +800 kg per ton −143 kg per ton
Energy use ~160 kWh per ton 132 kWh per ton
Avoided CO₂ (vs. Portland baseline) – ~800 kg CO₂ per ton
Removed CO₂ (via mineralisation) – ~143 kg CO₂ per ton
Total climate benefit – ~943 kg CO₂ per ton
Every ton of Karbonite delivers up to 943 kg of climate-positive impact, making it one of the few construction materials that actively reverse emissions instead of just reducing them.

Karbonite is more than a product. It’s a movement.

Scientific Validation & Testing

Karbonite has been independently tested and validated by leading institutions and laboratories across Europe and Central Asia.

Key Protocols & Standards

  • ASTM C1157 (performance-based hydraulic cement standard)
  • EN 197-1 (common cement specification)
  • ISO 14067 (carbon footprint of products – LCA-based)
  • EN 12620:2021 (aggregates in concrete – compliance for biogenic alternatives)


Analytical Techniques Used

  • XRD (X-ray diffraction) – confirmed formation of nesquehonite and amorphous silica
  • SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) – revealed low-porosity structure and dense microstructure
  • TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) – quantified CO₂ uptake per kg and hydration phases
  • BET analysis – demonstrated surface area performance of the silica phase for pozzolanic reactivity
  • “Karbonite’s microstructure, carbonation depth, and thermal stability have been benchmarked against both traditional Portland cement and next-generation LC3 binders.” – Independent Lab Report, 2024


Peer-reviewed publications

  • Shanks et al. (2024), Royal Society Open Science – DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231645
  • Karbonite LCA Whitepaper – available upon request


Validation Partners

  • Imperial College London (UK)
  • SGS (Global certification body)
  • Central Asian Cement Research Institute (CACRI)